Lumbar Stenosis

Spinal lumbar stenosis is a narrowing of the space between the vertebrae in the lower back. This narrowing can place pressure on the spinal cord or nerves at the level of compression. Due to the location of the lumbar vertebrae (low in the vertebral column), lumbar stenosis can be exacerbated by long periods of standing and sitting.

Cause of injury

Lumbar stenosis is most commonly related to degeneration of the cushioning disks between the vertebrae. Although less common, lumbar stenosis can be caused by birth defects or begnin or cancerous tumors.

Signs and Symptoms

Symptoms can gradually develop and worsen over time. Compressed nerves in the lumbar spine may cause pain or cramping in the legs when standing or walking for long periods of time.  Discomfort is generally relieved by bending forward or sitting down for a period of time.  Often X-Rays will reveal evidence of spinal stenosis even though an individual is not demonstrating any signs or symptoms.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing lumbar stenosis begins with a physical examination by a specialist familiar with back disorders. After reviewing an individual’s medical history, a physician will test the back’s range of motion and look for specific areas of tenderness. He/she may also order a series of diagnostic tests that include x-rays, an MRI, CT scans, and/or an EMG.

Treatment

In most cases, the treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis begins with conservative (non-operative) treatment. This can include medications to reduce inflammation, corticosteroid injections, and physical therapy. In severe cases a surgical procedure may be recommended to correct nerve compression in the spinal canal or vertebral space. Regardless of treatment, proper rehabilitation is essential for return to normal function. A therapist can guide rehabilitation to ensure 100% return to activity as quickly and safely as possible. Therapy initially focuses on decreasing pain/swelling and increasing range of motion. Later stages of therapy shift toward strengthening and return to normal function.

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