Shoulder
Multidirectional Shoulder Instability
Multidirectional shoulder instability (MDI) often develops in individuals who have increased looseness of the supporting ligaments that surround the shoulder joint. The laxity can be a natural condition (present from birth) or a condition that has developed over time. Many patients with MDI are active in overhead sports (i.e.: gymnastics, swimming, or baseball) that repetitively stretch the shoulder capsule to extreme ranges of motion.
Labral Tear
The labrum, a type of cartilage, surrounds the outside of the shoulder joint. Acting like an O-ring, the labrum helps stabilize the shoulder joint by deepening the joint socket, resulting in enhanced flexibility and range of motion. A tear in the labrum can occur in conjunction with a shoulder or arm injury.